Terroir & Vineyards

Principal focuses on the importance of special soils in winemaking, as they play a crucial role in nurturing the vine. Different soil types elicit varied reactions from the vines, and top wines are known to express the essence of the soil from which they originate. Located in the Bairrada region, Principal benefits from clay and limestone-rich soils that dominate the gentle hills of the property. This unique soil composition imparts expressive fruit, vibrant acidity, minerality, and rich texture to the wines.

High-density planting, characterized by narrower rows and densely planted vines, is integral to producing superior quality grapes and, ultimately, higher quality wines. This planting method offers three main benefits. First, vine competition promotes faster root penetration, allowing longer roots to access water and nutrients, resulting in healthier and more consistent berries. These deeper roots also reach the mother rock, adding layers of flavors and minerality to the wine. Second, higher canopies enhance photosynthesis, leading to better grape maturity. Third, better water retention is achieved as higher canopies shade the vineyard fruit and floors, decreasing surface temperature and reducing evaporation, which contributes to more balanced berries.